ABSTRACT
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the acute and highly contagious upper respiratory tract infectious diseases in poultry caused by the Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which significantly affects the health and development of world poultry farming industry. IBV RNA polymerase lacks a complete correctional function and is prone to gene mutation and RNA-RNA recombination during the replication process, resulting in the emergence of new serotypes, genotypes and mutant strains. The continuous generation of recombinant strains through homologous recombination between strains also complicates the prevention and control of IB. Therefore, monitoring the genetic evolutionary characteristics of circulating strains and evaluating the protective effect of commonly used vaccines against local circulating strains of IBV are the keys to preventing and controlling this disease.
ABSTRACT
Background The protective effect of the inactivated vaccine against the omicron variant of COVID-19 is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of different vaccination status on omicron infection.Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed patients over 14 years old, and were diagnosed with immune breakthrough Omicron-variant infection between December 2021 and February 2022 in Tianjin, China, as well as data from several previous study infected by other types of SARS-CoV-2. The data were subdivided into three groups: patients with fully, partially and unvaccine. Differences of clinical and imaging characteristics were compared based on the different vaccination status using Pearson Chi-square test, Fisher's accuracy test and non-parametric test. All of the data were also compared with other types of SARS-CoV-2. Logistic regression and mediation effect analysis were used to assess the association between vaccination status and pneumonia progression during hospitalization.Results Among the 314 cases of immune breakthrough Omicron-variant infected patients, 21(7%) patients were unvaccinated, 134 (43%) were partially vaccinated, and 159 (50%) were full vaccinated. Among fully vaccinated patients, the proportion of patients with positive CT findings (32%) and CT score 2 (6%) was significantly lower than that of partially vaccinated (46%, 14%) and unvaccinated patients (67%, 19%) (P < 0.05). CT score by vaccination status are similar between Omicron and other types, only partially vaccinated group of Omicron infected patients show lower CT score than other types infected patients (P = 0.005). Increased age and lower IgG levels were associated with the risk of disease progression. IgG level had a complete mediating effect between vaccination status/ days after vaccination and disease progression.Conclusion The inactivated vaccine provided similar protection against Omicron infection of SARS-CoV-2, compared to the patients who received other types vaccines. Compared with partially vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, fully vaccinated patients had a higher CT negative rate and a lower rate of severe pneumonia. Vaccination status and days after vaccination affect disease progression through IgG levels.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
Background: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has been triggering the new wave of COVID-19 globally. However, the risk factors and outcomes for radiological abnormalities in the early convalescent stage (1 month after onset) of Omicron infected patients are still unknown.Methods: Patients were retrospectively enrolled if they were admitted to the hospital due to COVID-19 and underwent chest CT scans during hospitalization between 8 January and 24 February 2022. The chest CTs and clinical data obtained at admission and 1 month after onset were longitudinally analyzed. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between laboratory markers and CT scores. Uni-/multi-variable logistic regression tests were performed to explore independent risk factors for radiological abnormalities at admission and residual pulmonary abnormalities after 1 month. Results: We assessed 316 COVID-19 patients, including 47% with radiological abnormalities at admission and 23% with residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up. In a multivariate regression analysis, age ≥ 50 years, body mass index ≥ 23.87, days after vaccination ≥ 81 days, lymphocyte count ≤ 1.21×10-9/L, Interleukin-6 ≥ 10.05 pg/mL and IgG ≤ 14.140 S/CO were independent risk factors for CT abnormalities at admission (odds ratio = 2.870, 4.171, 2.360, 2.826, 3.886 and 2.828, respectively; P < 0.05 for each comparison). The presence of interlobular septal thickening and IL-6 ≥ 5.85 pg/mL were the independent risk factors for residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up (odds ratio = 3.619 and 3.197, respectively; P < 0.05 for each comparison). There were no significant changes in the number of involved lung lobes (P = 0.308) and total CT score (P = 0.068) during the early convalescent stage. And the level of IL-6 showed positive correlation with CT score at admission (spearman r = 0.202, P = 0.030).Conclusions: The higher IL-6 level was a common independent risk factor for CT abnormalities at admission and residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up. And there were no obvious radiographic changes during the early convalescent stage in patients with residual pulmonary abnormalities.